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Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of oxygenic, phototrophic bacteria that played a pivotal role in converting Earth’s atmosphere from anoxic to oxygen-rich billions of years ago. They exhibit remarkable morphological diversity, ranging from unicellular forms to filamentous types, with cell sizes varying between 0.5 μm and 100 μm. Cyanobacteria are classified into five groups: Chroococcales (unicellular, dividing by binary fission), Pleurocapsales (unicellular, dividing by...
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Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Early Detection of Cyanobacterial Blooms and Associated Cyanotoxins using Fast Detection Strategy
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Surface-Associated Bacteria Trigger Cyanobacterial Cell Lysis during Preozonation.

Zhiting Liang1, Lingrui Kong2

  • 1School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Environmental Science & Technology
|February 18, 2026
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Surface bacteria significantly increase cyanobacterial cell rupture during preozonation by degrading protective layers and releasing compounds that boost hydroxyl radical formation. This finding necessitates revised ozone treatment strategies for algal-contaminated water.

Keywords:
bloom controlcyanobacterial cell lysisdrinking water preozonationmicrobial interactionssurface-associated bacteria

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Water Treatment

Background:

  • Preozonation is crucial for treating algae-laden water, but cyanobacterial cell rupture during this process releases harmful substances.
  • The role of symbiotic bacteria in cyanobacterial response to ozonation is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of surface-associated bacteria on cyanobacterial cell rupture during preozonation.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which bacteria affect ozonation performance in water treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative ozonation experiments with axenic and xenic cyanobacteria (Leptolyngbya sp.).
  • Analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their role in ozonation resistance.
  • Identification of reactive oxygen species and extracellular metabolites.
  • Metabolic reconstruction to understand bacterial contributions.

Main Results:

  • Axenic cyanobacteria showed high ozonation resistance, while co-culture with bacteria dramatically increased cell rupture (12% to 76%).
  • Bacteria degraded loosely bound EPS, which reduced resistance in axenic cultures but enhanced it in xenic cultures.
  • Bacterial metabolites were found to promote hydroxyl radical formation during ozonation, intensifying cell lysis.

Conclusions:

  • Surface-associated bacteria critically influence cyanobacterial susceptibility to preozonation, contrary to previous assumptions.
  • Bacterial degradation of EPS and subsequent metabolite release are key mechanisms driving enhanced cell rupture.
  • Re-evaluation of ozone application strategies is needed for effective management of algal blooms and prevention of toxin release.