Automated Systems and Early Mobilization Programs for Bedridden Patients: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Rehabilitation Engineering
• Clinical Care Innovation

Background:

• Reduced mobility increases risks of pressure ulcers and functional decline in adult patients.
• Automated beds and robotic mobility systems are emerging technologies for early mobilization.
• The comprehensive impact of these advanced systems on patient outcomes requires systematic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review evidence on automated bed systems and robotic mobility technologies.
• To compare their effectiveness against conventional care for immobile adult patients.
• To assess impacts on clinical and functional outcomes, including motor function and quality of life.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar) up to September 2025.
• Inclusion of studies on adults (≥18 years) with neurological conditions or immobility comparing automated/robotic interventions with standard care.
• Data extraction and risk of bias assessment by two independent reviewers, with narrative synthesis due to heterogeneity.

Main Results:

• Nine studies with 380 patients met the inclusion criteria.
• Robotic and automated systems demonstrated improvements in functional outcomes and reduced pressure injury incidence.
• Enhanced caregiver efficiency was noted, though meta-analysis was precluded by study heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

• Automated and robotic mobility systems offer potential benefits for early mobilization in immobile patients.
• These technologies may improve patient care outcomes and caregiver efficiency.
• High-quality research is essential to validate long-term clinical and economic advantages.