Spatial distributions and structural effects of endogenous and exogenous α-glucosidase enzymes in rice grains during
Chie Ohmoto1, Kazutoshi Takahashi2, Hideyuki Yamaguchi2
1Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan; Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
Abstract:
Endogenous and exogenous enzymes influence the sensory properties of cooked rice by acting on starch during gelatinization. This study elucidated the distinct spatial distributions of endogenous α-glucosidase (E-AG) and an exogenous version derived from Aspergillus niger (A-AG) during cooking. The E-AG, A-AG, and water distributions in rice grains were visualized. E-AG was distributed throughout the raw grain, whereas A-AG was localized around starch granules, amyloplasts, and cell walls, penetrating the grain and existing along cell walls during soaking. With A-AG, the cooking time was prolonged by approximately 1 min, and the temperature rise from 85 to 100 °C became more gradual. This may result from enzyme-added rice's enhanced starch hydrolysis and gelatinization, which increases endothermic reactions. The modified outer area obtained at 85-100 °C reached 58 ± 7% with A-AG and 52 ± 5% without. Moreover, the enzyme's preservation effect appears to be related to its localization.
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