Habitat-driven distribution patterns of sparid species: Insights from a north Atlantic artisanal fishery

Artisanal fisheries worldwide play a crucial role in supporting coastal communities, providing livelihoods, and contributing to food security. Understanding and comprehending the diversity and distribution of species across different habitat types is essential for implementing sustainable management measures for exploited fish populations. This study examines the associations of demersal fish in shallow water habitats around the Macaronesian region (NE Atlantic Ocean) focusing on sparid species captured using traps. Results revealed distinct bathymetric and habitat-related distribution patterns among sparids, strongly influenced by recruitment and trophic level. Herbivorous and omnivorous adults of Sarpa salpa, Diplodus sargus, and Spondyliosoma cantharus were more abundant in shallower areas and vegetated habitats, while carnivorous species like Pagrus pagrus and Dentex gibbosus dominated deeper zones and non-vegetated substrates. Recruitment stages significantly affected spatial distribution, with juveniles often occupying different depths and substrates than adults. Substrate type also played a key role, with species-specific preferences observed across rocky, mixed, and sandy bottoms. Seasonal reproductive periods further modulated habitat use, especially among adult specimens. This study emphasizes the need for monitoring specialized artisanal fisheries to understand both the specific distribution of species and their level of exploitation, providing valuable information for the management and conservation of coastal marine ecosystems.