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Vestibular dysfunction in children undergoing cochlear implantation: Prevalence and postoperative changes.

Astrid Lindequist Dittmer1, Andrea Lund2, Thomas Winther Frederiksen2

  • 1Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|February 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Vestibular dysfunction is common in children with sensorineural hearing loss before cochlear implantation (CI). CI surgery can lead to a decline in otolith function, emphasizing the need for vestibular testing post-CI.

Keywords:
Cochlear implantationHearing lossPaediatric otologyPostoperative complicationsSensorineuralVestibular dysfunctionVestibular function tests

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Audiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) affects children's auditory development.
  • Cochlear implantation (CI) is a common treatment for severe to profound SNHL.
  • Vestibular system function is crucial for balance and spatial orientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction in children with SNHL before CI.
  • To evaluate changes in vestibular function after CI in the implanted ear.
  • To assess the impact of CI on the vestibular system in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of children with SNHL undergoing CI.
  • Preoperative vestibular assessment using video head impulse testing (vHIT) and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP).
  • Paired pre- and postoperative vestibular data analyzed for changes.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of preoperative vestibular dysfunction was 26.9%.
  • Otolith dysfunction (cVEMP) was the most frequent abnormality (31.2%).
  • Postoperatively, vestibular dysfunction in the implanted ear increased to 25.5%, with significant otolith function decline (p=0.0156).

Conclusions:

  • Vestibular dysfunction is prevalent in children with SNHL awaiting CI.
  • CI is associated with a significant decline in otolith function post-surgery.
  • Systematic vestibular assessment is crucial for CI planning and rehabilitation in children.