Hallucinogenic Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease targeting Mitochondria-Associated Membranes

Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a central driver of Alzheimer's disease (AD), contributing to neuroinflammation, synaptic failure, and energy collapse.Emerging preclinical evidence suggests that classic hallucinogens, such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), mescaline, may restore mitochondrial integrity by activating Serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) and sigma-1(Sig-1R) receptors. In experimental models, these pathways are associated with enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, reduced oxidative stress, and preservation of ER-mitochondrial coupling. DMT and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) specifically engage Sig-1R at mitochondria-associated membranes, improving calcium homeostasis and cellular resilience. While these mechanisms are mechanistically compelling, evidence for clinical efficacy in AD remains limited and largely preclinical. Accordingly, this framework is presented as a hypothesis-generating model suggesting that mitochondrial-centered psychedelic mechanisms warrant further investigation,provided that neuropsychiatric safety, patient selection, and translational feasibility are carefully addressed.