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Related Concept Videos

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Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Updated: May 9, 2026

Generation of Alginate Microspheres for Biomedical Applications
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Dripping-based microencapsulation using a novel Omani gum/alginate system: Formulation, characterization, and

Asmaa Al-Hamayda1, Mutammed Ayyash2, Pedro Fardim3

  • 1Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|February 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Omani gum (OG)/alginate composite beads show promise for oral protein delivery. These novel biopolymeric beads offer sustained release of bovine serum albumin (BSA), highlighting Boswellia sacra as a sustainable encapsulation agent.

Keywords:
Bovine serum albuminHydrogel beadsMicroencapsulationOmani gumProtein delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Oral delivery of proteins like bovine serum albumin (BSA) is challenging due to degradation in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Biopolymeric matrices offer potential for protecting and controlling the release of therapeutic proteins.
  • Omani gum (OG), derived from Boswellia sacra, is a natural polymer with potential for biomaterial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of Omani gum (OG)/alginate composite beads for in vitro oral delivery of BSA.
  • To fabricate and characterize novel biopolymeric beads for efficient protein encapsulation and controlled release.
  • To evaluate the influence of OG concentration on bead properties and BSA release kinetics.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of OG/alginate composite beads using an ionic gelation dripping technique.
  • Characterization of physicochemical properties including zeta potential, particle size, and viscosity.
  • Analysis of bead morphology, structural integrity, and thermal properties using SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and DSC.
  • In vitro assessment of BSA release profiles under varying pH conditions and quantification via Bradford assay and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Strong intermolecular interactions between OG and sodium alginate (SA) enhanced structural stability and sustained BSA release.
  • Formulations with 40% OG (Blend B) showed delayed, sustained release at neutral pH with minimal early release.
  • Formulations with 50% OG (Blend C) exhibited optimal thermal stability, uniform geometry, and balanced release behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Omani gum (OG) is a promising natural and sustainable agent for protein encapsulation.
  • OG/alginate composite beads demonstrate potential for effective in vitro oral delivery of proteins like BSA.
  • These findings support the application of OG/SA matrices in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical protein delivery systems.