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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Gut Microbiome as a Lifestyle Risk Factor Associated with Prostate Cancer.

Michael A Liss1, James R White2, Molly Doris3

  • 1Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX, USA.

European Urology Focus
|February 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel gut microbiome score, PRIMUS, can assess prostate cancer risk. This biomarker, derived from microbial analysis, shows promise for personalized lifestyle modifications in cancer prevention. Further trials will explore microbiome modifiability.

Keywords:
BiomarkerCancer risk predictionFecal microbiota transplantationGut microbiomeInflammatory bowel diseaseMachine learningMicrobiome analysisPersonalized medicineProstate Cancer Risk Insight using Microbiome UnderStanding signatureProstate cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Cancer biomarkers
  • Artificial intelligence in medicine

Background:

  • Personalized prostate cancer prevention strategies are lacking.
  • The gut microbiome influences non-gastrointestinal cancers, including prostate cancer.
  • Gut microbiome analysis can identify individuals at higher risk due to lifestyle factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a gut microbiome-based biomarker for prostate cancer risk assessment.
  • To create a personalized tool for identifying individuals prone to prostate cancer.
  • To explore the gut microbiome's role as a lifestyle biomarker.

Main Methods:

  • Microbiome risk analysis using DNA sequencing and bioinformatics.
  • Identification of 39 key microbial genera.
  • Development of an artificial intelligence model to generate the Prostate Cancer Risk Insight using Microbiome UnderStanding (PRIMUS) score (0-1).

Main Results:

  • An increasing PRIMUS score correlated with sequential increases in prostate cancer risk.
  • Prostate cancer risk remained elevated after a median follow-up of 4.5 years.
  • The PRIMUS score demonstrated favorable comparison to existing prostate cancer risk calculators.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome can act as a lifestyle risk factor for prostate cancer.
  • The PRIMUS score is a promising risk-assessment tool but not for biopsy guidance.
  • Future clinical trials will investigate microbiome modifiability for prostate cancer risk reduction.