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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...

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Updated: May 12, 2026

Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

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Published on: October 31, 2013

Chemistry-driven autonomous nanopore membranes.

Makusu Tsutsui¹, Wei-Lun Hsu², Denis Garoli^3,4

¹SANKEN, The University of Osaka, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan. tsutsui@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp.

Nature Communications

|February 18, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel method to create and control nanoscale pores in membranes. This breakthrough enables detailed studies of ion transport and fluid dynamics in extremely confined environments.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Materials Science
Electrochemistry

Background:

Fabricating atomic-scale pores is difficult, limiting research on confined ion transport.
Understanding molecular dynamics in nanoscale confinement is crucial for many scientific fields.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a chemically controllable method for creating and manipulating nanoscale pores.
To investigate ion transport and fluid dynamics in sub-nanometer channels.

Main Methods:

Utilized a break-membrane approach with silicon nitride (SiN_x) membranes.
Manipulated in-pore electrochemical reactions via transmembrane voltage to form and close pores.
Performed ionic current measurements to analyze conductance features.

Main Results:

Successfully fabricated and repeatedly controlled nanoscale pores using electrochemical reactions.
Observed distinct ionic conductance, indicating ion dehydration and transport in sub-nanometer channels.
Demonstrated a scalable platform capable of actuating multiple pores simultaneously.

Conclusions:

The chemically controllable break-membrane approach provides a powerful tool for studying ion transport and fluid dynamics in extreme confinement.
This technology has potential applications in single-molecule sensing, neuromorphic computing, and nanoreactor design.
Advances fundamental understanding of nanoscale phenomena and opens new avenues for technological innovation.