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Electrocatalytic C(sp³)-H bond functionalization using biomass-derived electrodes.

Lijun Lu^1,2, Yan Li¹, Hao Li¹

¹Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.

Nature Communications

|February 18, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel chitin-derived composite carbon aerogel electrodes (CCAEs) for organic electrosynthesis. These M-CCAEs facilitate C(sp3)-H functionalization and hydrogen isotope exchange in drug molecules, advancing synthetic chemistry.

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Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Organic Synthesis

Background:

Organic electrosynthesis is a powerful synthetic tool.
Development of highly active electrodes is crucial for advancing the field.
Chitin-derived materials offer a sustainable platform for electrode fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop novel chitin-derived composite carbon aerogel electrodes (CCAEs) for organic electrosynthesis.
To investigate the electrochemical properties and catalytic activity of CCAEs functionalized with various metal nanoparticles (M-CCAEs).
To demonstrate the utility of M-CCAEs in C(sp3)-H functionalization and hydrogen isotope exchange reactions.

Main Methods:

Bottom-up synthesis of free-standing, porous CCAEs.
In-situ confinement of metal nanoparticles (Pt, Pd, RuO2, Cu, Ni) within CCAEs.
Electrochemical characterization using linear sweep voltammetry.
In-situ Raman spectroscopy under electrochemical conditions.
Application in C(sp3)-H chlorination, bromination, nitration, etherification, and hydrogen isotope exchange.

Main Results:

RuO2-CCAEs exhibit excellent electrochemical oxidation of chloride anions and stabilization of chlorine radicals, acting as effective mediators.
M-CCAEs, in combination with mediators, successfully enabled various C(sp3)-H functionalization reactions.
M-CCAEs demonstrated efficacy in promoting electrochemical hydrogen isotope exchange in pharmaceutical molecules like Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, and Zolpidem.

Conclusions:

Chitin-derived composite carbon aerogel electrodes provide a versatile and highly active platform for organic electrosynthesis.
The developed M-CCAEs serve as efficient electrodes and mediators for challenging C(sp3)-H functionalization and hydrogen isotope exchange reactions.
This work offers a sustainable approach to designing advanced electrode materials for broader applications in synthetic chemistry.