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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions
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Longitudinal brain-age predictions comprising long-duration spaceflight missions.

Ge Tang1,2, Kaustubh R Patil3,4, Felix Hoffstaedter3,4

  • 1Institute for Neuroradiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. ge.tang@campus.lmu.de.

NPJ Microgravity
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-duration spaceflight may accelerate brain aging. Our study found differences in brain age between astronauts and controls, with pre-flight brain age being younger than post-flight brain age.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Space Medicine
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Understanding the physiological effects of space travel on the human body is crucial.
  • Long-duration spaceflight poses unique challenges to astronaut health, including potential impacts on the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of long-duration spaceflight on brain aging in astronauts.
  • To compare brain aging in spacefarers (ROS cosmonauts and ESA astronauts) with Earth-bound controls.

Main Methods:

  • Structural MRI scans were acquired pre-flight, post-flight, and during follow-up.
  • Machine learning models were employed to estimate brain age from MRI data.
  • Data from Russian (ROS) and European (ESA) astronauts and matched controls were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • A significant difference in brain aging was observed between spacefarers and controls, particularly in the ESA cohort (ß = 0.63).
  • In the ROS cohort, a difference was noted between pre- and post-flight scans, with post-flight brain age being approximately 0.842 years greater than pre-flight.
  • Machine learning models demonstrated good to excellent reliability (ICC) across MRI sessions.

Conclusions:

  • Long-duration spaceflight appears to influence human brain aging.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the neurobiological consequences of space travel.