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Modelling adipose tissue-cancer crosstalk: a three-dimensional perspective.

Gabriele Strusi1, Caterina M Suelzu2, Justin Stebbing2

  • 1Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK. gabriele.strusi@aru.ac.uk.

Oncogene
|February 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Three-dimensional (3D) models offer advanced preclinical research tools by mimicking in vivo conditions. This review explores 3D systems for studying adipose tissue and cancer interactions, crucial for understanding obesity-related carcinogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cancer Research
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) systems better mimic in vivo cell environments than traditional models.
  • Adipose tissue, once solely linked to energy storage, is now recognized as a dynamic endocrine organ influencing carcinogenesis.
  • Obesity-associated adipose tissue dysfunction is a significant risk factor for various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of 3D model technologies for studying adipose tissue-cancer interactions.
  • To highlight the potential of 3D systems in preclinical research for cancer and obesity-related diseases.
  • To provide a perspective on adipose tissue-cancer crosstalk within advanced in vitro models.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing 3D modeling platforms.

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  • Analysis of studies focusing on adipose tissue and cancer co-culture systems.
  • Evaluation of the biological relevance of 3D models in recapitulating in vivo conditions.
  • Main Results:

    • A gap exists in current 3D platforms for complex adipose tissue-cancer models.
    • 3D models show promise for investigating the crosstalk between adipose tissue and cancer.
    • These models offer a more biologically relevant approach to studying obesity-driven carcinogenesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Advanced 3D systems are essential for accurately modeling the in vivo tumor microenvironment.
    • There is a need for more sophisticated 3D models to study adipose tissue-cancer dynamics.
    • 3D technologies can significantly advance our understanding of obesity-related cancer development and progression.