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Rising atmospheric CO2 reduces nitrogen availability in boreal forests.

Kelley R Bassett1, Stefan F Hupperts2, Sandra Jämtgård2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is causing declining nitrogen availability in Swedish forests, a phenomenon known as oligotrophication. This study confirms CO2 as the primary driver, impacting forest ecosystems globally.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Anthropogenic nitrogen pollution causes eutrophication globally.
  • Some ecosystems show signs of oligotrophication, potentially linked to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2).
  • Plant nitrogen isotope (δ15N) chronologies suggest oligotrophication, but the drivers (CO2 vs. N deposition) are debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the drivers of declining nitrogen availability (oligotrophication) in Swedish forests.
  • To construct and analyze nitrogen isotope (δ15N) tree-ring chronologies across a wide latitudinal gradient.
  • To determine the relative influence of rising CO2 and nitrogen deposition on forest ecosystem changes.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of δ15N tree-ring chronologies from archived Swedish forest samples (1961-2018).
  • Analysis across a 1,500-km latitudinal range with uniform CO2 rise and variable N deposition.
  • Application of linear mixed-effects models to identify key predictors of δ15N values.

Main Results:

  • Consistent declining δ15N chronologies were observed throughout Sweden.
  • Rising CO2 emerged as the strongest predictor of δ15N values.
  • Nitrogen deposition, temperature, and forest basal area showed lower explanatory power.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated atmospheric CO2 is the primary cause of oligotrophication in Swedish boreal forests.
  • This finding has significant implications for understanding the future role of forests as global carbon sinks.
  • The study highlights the pervasive impact of CO2 on ecosystem nutrient cycling.