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Clinical Implications of Diet Inflammatory Index in Celiac Patients
Arzu Gülseren1, Aslıhan Besparmak2, Neşe Kaya2
1Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
Insights
The dietary inflammation index (DII) in children with celiac disease (CD) correlates with disease markers and poorer anthropometric measurements, indicating inflammation impacts nutrition in these patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nutrition
- Gastroenterology
- Immunology
Background:
- Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion.
- Nutritional status and inflammation are critical in managing pediatric CD.
- The dietary inflammatory index (DII) quantifies the inflammatory potential of diets.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the dietary inflammation index (DII) in children with celiac disease (CD).
- To assess the relationship between DII and clinical markers in pediatric CD.
- To evaluate the effect of dietary inflammation on anthropometric measurements in children with CD.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study involving 47 pediatric patients (ages 5-18) diagnosed with CD.
- Calculation of children-DII (c-DII) and energy consumption-DII (e-c-DII) scores.
- Analysis of correlations between DII scores, serological markers (tTG-IgA, EMA), and anthropometric measurements.
Main Results:
- Mean c-DII was 2.0 ± 1.0 and e-c-DII was 2.7 ± 0.8.
- Significant correlations were found between c-DII/e-c-DII and tTG-IgA/EMA antibody levels.
- Higher mean c-DII was observed in patients with low waist circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, and skinfold thickness (<10th percentile), with statistical significance.
Conclusions:
- Dietary inflammation, as measured by c-DII, is significantly associated with serological markers of celiac disease activity.
- Children with CD exhibiting higher dietary inflammatory scores tend to have poorer anthropometric measurements.
- These findings highlight the substantial correlation between dietary inflammatory potential and nutritional status in pediatric celiac disease.
Abstract:
The objective of the study is to investigate the dietary inflammation index (DII) in children with celiac disease (CD) and its effect on clinic. This cross-sectional study involved 47 patients aged 5 to 18 diagnosed with CD, conducted from January 2024 to January 2025. Forty-seven patients with CD included in the study. The mean children-DII (c-DII) and energy consumption (e-c-DII) values of the study group were found to be 2.0 ± 1.0 and 2.7 ± 0.8, respectively. It was analyzed that c-DII and e-c-DII values were correlated significantly with tissue transglutaminase immunglobulin A and anti-endomysium antibody values. It was analyzed that the mean c-DII value was higher in patients with low waist circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, and skinfold thickness (<10% percentile), and the result was statistically significant. Anthropometric measurements, crucial indications of proper nutrition, were substantially correlated with the dietary inflammatory content in individuals with CD.
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