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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Healthcare Workers: An Observational Study
R Rajarethinam1, K Venkatachalam2, Vanamail Perumal3
1Department of Physiotherapy, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India.
Background:
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a leading cause of occupational morbidity among healthcare professionals globally. In India, the high patient load, resource constraints, and demanding work conditions expose doctors and nurses to significant ergonomic risks.
Objective:
To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with WMSDs among healthcare workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care setting in South India.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 290 HCWs, including doctors and nurses, using a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and a structured work profile assessment. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the prevalence and identify risk factors.
Results:
The overall prevalence of WMSDs was 82.1%, with the lower back (68.3%), neck (54.8%), and shoulders (48.6%) being the most commonly affected regions. Nurses reported significantly higher prevalence compared to doctors (88.4% vs. 73.9%, P < 0.01). Prolonged standing, repetitive movements, and poor ergonomics were identified as major risk factors. Multivariate analysis revealed that work experience > 10 years (AOR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.21-5.83) and lack of ergonomic training (AOR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.48-6.58) were independently associated with WMSDs.
Conclusion:
WMSDs are alarmingly prevalent among HCWs in India, especially among nurses. There is an urgent need for workplace ergonomic interventions, regular training, and policy-level initiatives to safeguard the occupational health of frontline medical staff.
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