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Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
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  3. Radiative Defects In Chloride-activated Cdse Thin Films.
  1. Home
  3. Radiative Defects In Chloride-activated Cdse Thin Films.

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Radiative Defects in Chloride-Activated CdSe Thin Films.

Abasi Abudulimu1, Xiaoming Wang1, Tyler Brau1

  • 1Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606 United States.

ACS Energy Letters
|February 19, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) annealing transforms porous cadmium selenide (CdSe) into dense polycrystals, significantly reducing defect-related energy losses. This process sharpens the optical band edge and clarifies radiative pathways in wide-gap chalcogenide devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Semiconductor Device Physics

Background:

  • Defect recombination is a major limitation in wide-gap Se-based chalcogenide devices.
  • The precise impact of chloride activation on radiative pathways in these materials is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cadmium chloride (CdCl2) annealing affects the microstructure and optoelectronic properties of cadmium selenide (CdSe).
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of different emissive channels and their relationship to defects in CdSe.

Main Methods:

  • Annealing of evaporated CdSe with CdCl2.
  • Temperature- and fluence-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.
  • Time-resolved PL, hyperspectral mapping, and hybrid-density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

  • CdCl2 annealing converted porous CdSe nanograins into dense micrometer-scale polycrystals.
  • Urbach energy was reduced from 85 to 17 meV at 300 K, indicating a sharper optical band edge.
  • Three distinct emissive channels were identified, including excitonic, free-carrier, and a persistent infrared band linked to specific microstructures.

Conclusions:

  • CdCl2 annealing significantly improves the material quality and optical properties of CdSe.
  • Defect complexes, such as selenium-vacancy and cadmium-vacancy-chlorine complexes, are implicated in the observed emissive bands.
  • Understanding these defect pathways offers strategies to mitigate losses in wide-gap chalcogenide devices.