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Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

Published on: April 17, 2018

Pressure-Aware Operando X‑ray Methods Reveal True Mechanistic Pathways in Solid-State Batteries.

Hung Quoc Nguyen¹, Juraj Todt², Dragos Stoian³

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway.

ACS Energy Letters

|February 19, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an operando framework for solid-state batteries (SSBs) using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopy (XAS). This method precisely controls pressure and temperature, preventing artifacts and enabling accurate mechanistic studies.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Solid-State Batteries

Background:

Operando studies of solid-state batteries (SSBs) require precise control of pressure and temperature to avoid artifacts.
Uncontrolled conditions can lead to inaccurate mechanistic interpretations in battery research.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an advanced operando framework for characterizing SSBs under controlled dynamic pressure and temperature.
To enable accurate, artifact-free mechanistic studies of SSB operation.

Main Methods:

Developed an operando framework integrating X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray spectroscopy (XAS) with dynamic pressure and temperature control.
Utilized three platforms: scanning microbeam transmission XRD, coupled transmission XRD-XAS, and laboratory XRD.
Validated the framework on sulfide-electrolyte SSBs with Li-In anodes and NMC811 or LCO cathodes.

Main Results:

The framework provides high-quality datasets for spatiotemporal mapping of reaction fronts, state-of-charge gradients, and stress localizations.
Simultaneous tracking of structural and redox evolution was achieved.
Real-time monitoring of phase transformations during operation was enabled.

Conclusions:

The pressure-aware operando XRD and XAS framework minimizes artifactual interpretations in SSB studies.
This transferable platform ensures reproducible benchmarking and accelerates mechanistic discovery.
Crucial for advancing next-generation solid-state battery technology.