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Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Adaptation of Microelectrode Array Technology for the Study of Anesthesia-induced Neurotoxicity in the Intact Piglet Brain

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Published on: May 12, 2018

Microglia in Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health.

Deyi M Meng^1,2, Koichiro Haruwaka², Wu Shi²

¹Choate Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, Connecticut, USA.

|February 19, 2026

Summary

Microglia, the brain's immune cells, significantly impact anesthesia and perioperative brain health. Targeting these cells offers new strategies for precision anesthesia and improved long-term cognitive outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Anesthesiology

Background:

Microglia are the central nervous system's resident immune cells.
They continuously monitor the brain and respond to neuronal activity.
Emerging research highlights their role in anesthesia and perioperative brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of microglia in modulating anesthetic states.
To explore how microglia influence perioperative brain health and outcomes.
To discuss potential microglial-targeting strategies for precision anesthesia.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing research on microglia, anesthesia, and perioperative care.
Analysis of mechanistic insights into microglial sensing and regulation of neuronal activity.
Synthesis of clinical implications for anesthesia and brain health.

Main Results:

Microglia dynamically interact with neuronal elements and synapses throughout all phases of anesthesia.
Their actions vary across different anesthetic classes, influencing induction, maintenance, and emergence.
Perioperative stressors activate microglia, potentially linking anesthesia to postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Conclusions:

Microglia are key regulators of anesthesia and perioperative brain health.
Targeting microglia presents opportunities for personalized anesthesia approaches.
Integrating microglial biology into perioperative care can improve long-term brain health outcomes.