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Related Concept Videos

Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
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Published on: June 3, 2013

Dissociative Identity Disorder and Partial Dissociative Identity Disorder.

Stefan Roepke, Kathlen Priebe, Christian Schmahl

    Deutsches Arzteblatt International
    |February 19, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) and partial DID lack empirical validation and evidence-based treatments. Dissociative symptoms are better explained by complex PTSD and BPD, which have established treatments.

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    Published on: October 27, 2023

    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Clinical Psychology

    Background:

    • Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), replacing multiple personality disorder in ICD-11, is characterized by distinct personality states and amnesia.
    • Partial DID involves less marked discontinuities in self-experience and agency.
    • Empirical studies on DID and partial DID are limited and often methodologically flawed.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and discuss empirical studies on DID and partial DID.
    • To derive potential clinical practice approaches for these diagnoses.

    Main Methods:

    • A narrative review of pertinent publications.
    • PubMed search for relevant studies.

    Main Results:

    • Few empirical studies on DID exist, with major methodological limitations.
    • Robust data for partial DID are lacking.
    • Significant overlap exists between DID and trauma-associated disorders like complex PTSD (cPTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD).
    • Central DID constructs, such as amnesia between states, are not supported by available data.
    • No specific treatment for DID has robust evidence of efficacy.

    Conclusions:

    • DID and partial DID are insufficiently validated diagnoses.
    • There is no evidence-based treatment for DID or partial DID.
    • Dissociative symptoms can be addressed by better-researched conditions like cPTSD and BPD, which have validated treatments.
    • Diagnoses of DID and partial DID should only be made after excluding alternative explanations.