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Delirium in cardiovascular medicine.
Endrit Cekaj1, David H V Vogel2, Peter M Spieth3
1Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
European Heart Journal
|February 19, 2026
Summary
Delirium is a significant neuropsychiatric issue in cardiovascular medicine, increasing hospitalization and mortality. Early recognition and non-pharmacological prevention are key for at-risk patients undergoing cardiac procedures.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Neuropsychiatry
- Geriatrics
Background:
- Delirium is a common, underrecognized syndrome in cardiovascular medicine.
- It is linked to adverse outcomes like prolonged hospitalization, increased mortality, and cognitive decline.
- Patients undergoing cardiovascular procedures are particularly vulnerable.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current literature on delirium in cardiovascular medicine.
- To define the vulnerability of cardiovascular patients to delirium.
- To identify knowledge gaps and inform management strategies.
Main Methods:
- State-of-the-art literature review.
- Integration of expert discussions from cardiology, cardiac surgery, and psychiatry.
- Summary of epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
Main Results:
- Delirium incidence varies, influenced by patient factors, procedure invasiveness, and diagnostics.
- Risk factors include age, cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular disease, and inflammation.
- Non-pharmacological prevention is evidence-based; pharmacologic use is controversial and case-specific.
Conclusions:
- Delirium presents a major challenge in cardiovascular medicine, requiring proactive, interdisciplinary care.
- Systematic risk assessment and multimodal prevention should be standard.
- Further research is needed for evidence-based guidelines in cardiovascular populations.
Keywords:
Cardiovascular medicineDeliriumDelirium ACSDelirium CABGDelirium NSTEMIDelirium PCIDelirium SAVRDelirium STEMIDelirium TAVRDelirium TMVRDelirium TTVRDelirium preventionPharmacological treatment deliriumMore Related Videos
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