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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this defense.
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Pooled CRISPR-Based Genetic Screens in Mammalian Cells
09:05

Pooled CRISPR-Based Genetic Screens in Mammalian Cells

Published on: September 4, 2019

Next-generation CRISPR screens enable causal systems immunology.

Hao Shi1, Hongbo Chi1

  • 1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|February 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

CRISPR screens are revolutionizing immunobiology by mapping immune cell circuits. These advanced genetic screens, including single-cell and spatial methods, uncover genetic interactions to discover new therapeutic targets.

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Pooled CRISPR-Based Genetic Screens in Mammalian Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Mapping causal circuits in immune cells is challenging.
  • CRISPR screens offer new possibilities for understanding immune cell function.
  • Multiplexed single-cell profiling and spatial readouts enhance these capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss how CRISPR-based genetic screens transform immunobiology.
  • To highlight high-throughput pooled perturbation approaches for immunity research.
  • To summarize strategies for uncovering genetic interactions and drivers of immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Pooled CRISPR-based genetic screens.
  • Multiplexed single-cell profiling.
  • Imaging-based spatial readouts.
  • Bulk, single-cell, and spatial CRISPR screens.
  • Analysis of combinatorial perturbations.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR screens provide unprecedented scale and resolution in studying immunity.
  • New strategies address combinatorial perturbations to reveal genetic interactions.
  • Integration of screening data with experimental insights is key.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR screens fundamentally advance the understanding of immunobiology.
  • A new framework leveraging perturbation-driven effects can discover therapeutic targets.
  • This approach establishes causal systems biology and immunology for therapeutic applications.