Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

788
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
788
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

6.1K
The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
6.1K
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups01:20

Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

637
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
637
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

3.8K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.8K
Actuarial Approach01:20

Actuarial Approach

326
The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
326

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Targeting homologous recombination deficiency with intensified chemotherapy versus standard chemotherapy followed by olaparib in stage III breast cancer (SUBITO): an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

The Lancet. Oncology·2026
Same author

Tailoring radiotherapy in cT1-2N1 breast cancer to nodal response on primary chemotherapy (RAPCHEM: BOOG 2010-03): 10-year follow-up results of a Dutch, prospective, registry study.

The Lancet. Oncology·2026
Same author

Survival in the SONIA Trial-Reply.

JAMA oncology·2026
Same author

Impact of Reimbursement on the Utilisation of Gene Expression Profiles and Chemotherapy Decision-Making in Dutch Breast Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Study.

International journal of cancer·2026
Same author

Machine learning-based identification of high-risk triple-negative breast cancer patients despite pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

NPJ breast cancer·2026
Same author

Coverage with evidence development programs: a scoping review on characteristics and patient access.

Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same journal

Circulating Tumor DNA Status and Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Resected Colorectal Liver Metastases.

JAMA oncology·2026
Same journal

Cardiac Risk After Heart-Sparing Breast Radiotherapy.

JAMA oncology·2026
Same journal

When Not to Push the Boulder.

JAMA oncology·2026
Same journal

Circulating Methylated SEPT9 for Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhosis.

JAMA oncology·2026
Same journal

Less Can Be More by Circulating Tumor DNA Use in ERBB2-Positive Breast Cancer.

JAMA oncology·2026
Same journal

Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Recurrent Ovarian Cancer and Exceptional Response to PARP Inhibitors.

JAMA oncology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
10:27

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Published on: July 25, 2020

8.0K

Overall Survival With First-Line vs Second-Line CDK4/6 Inhibitor Use in Advanced Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical

Noor Wortelboer1, Annemiek van Ommen-Nijhof2, Inge R Konings3

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

JAMA Oncology
|February 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

First-line cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) did not improve overall survival in advanced breast cancer compared to second-line use. However, first-line CDK4/6i showed a survival benefit in premenopausal patients and increased toxic effects.

More Related Videos

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer
04:04

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

Published on: February 12, 2017

11.1K
Single-Port Robotic-assisted Transaxillary Breast-conserving Surgery: A Prospective, Single-arm, Non-randomized Phase IIa Clinical Trial
03:07

Single-Port Robotic-assisted Transaxillary Breast-conserving Surgery: A Prospective, Single-arm, Non-randomized Phase IIa Clinical Trial

Published on: August 19, 2025

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
10:27

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Published on: July 25, 2020

8.0K
Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer
04:04

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

Published on: February 12, 2017

11.1K
Single-Port Robotic-assisted Transaxillary Breast-conserving Surgery: A Prospective, Single-arm, Non-randomized Phase IIa Clinical Trial
03:07

Single-Port Robotic-assisted Transaxillary Breast-conserving Surgery: A Prospective, Single-arm, Non-randomized Phase IIa Clinical Trial

Published on: August 19, 2025

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Clinical Trials
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are standard treatment for hormone receptor (HR)-positive, ERBB2-negative advanced breast cancer (ABC).
  • The optimal timing for initiating CDK4/6i therapy (first-line vs. second-line) in combination with endocrine therapy remains under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of first-line versus second-line CDK4/6i administration in patients with HR-positive, ERBB2-negative ABC.
  • To evaluate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after two lines of therapy.

Main Methods:

  • The SONIA trial is a phase 3, multicenter, randomized clinical trial comparing first-line CDK4/6i plus endocrine therapy versus second-line CDK4/6i plus endocrine therapy.
  • Patients with HR-positive, ERBB2-negative ABC who had not received prior treatment for ABC were randomized 1:1.
  • Data from 1050 enrolled patients were analyzed with a median follow-up of 58.5 months.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in median OS was observed between the first-line (47.9 months) and second-line (48.1 months) CDK4/6i groups (HR, 0.91; P=.24).
  • A post hoc subgroup analysis indicated a potential OS benefit for first-line CDK4/6i in premenopausal patients (HR, 0.53).
  • First-line CDK4/6i use was associated with a higher incidence of grade 3 or higher adverse events.

Conclusions:

  • Initiating CDK4/6i in the first-line setting did not improve OS compared to second-line use in HR-positive, ERBB2-negative ABC.
  • First-line CDK4/6i use led to increased treatment-related toxic effects.
  • The findings suggest a potential benefit of first-line CDK4/6i in premenopausal patients, warranting further investigation.