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Can Intermediate Temperatures be a "Goldilocks Zone" for Green Hydrogen Production?
Subhajit Bhattacharjee1, Kuldeep Mamtani1, Harshal Chaudhari1
1Shell India Markets Pvt. Ltd., KIADB Industrial Park, Bengaluru 562149, Karnataka, India.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 19, 2026
Summary
Intermediate-temperature water electrolysis (ITWE) offers a promising balance of efficiency and simplicity for green hydrogen production. Further research is needed to overcome challenges and enable large-scale deployment in the energy transition.
Area of Science:
- Electrochemistry
- Materials Science
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- Green hydrogen is crucial for decarbonizing heavy industries.
- Current water electrolysis technologies (alkaline, PEM, AEM, SOEC) have limitations in efficiency or complexity.
- Intermediate-temperature water electrolysis (ITWE) operates between 100-400 °C, potentially balancing performance and simplicity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a holistic review of intermediate-temperature water electrolysis (ITWE).
- To examine the scientific, engineering, and techno-commercial aspects of ITWE.
- To identify research and innovation directions for large-scale green hydrogen production.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on ITWE.
- Analysis of thermo/electrochemistry.
- Examination of scientific and engineering challenges.
- Assessment of techno-commercial viability and deployment scenarios.
Main Results:
- ITWE presents a potential sweet spot between low-temperature (alkaline, PEM) and high-temperature (SOEC, PCEC) electrolysis.
- Key challenges include material stability, durability, and system integration.
- Significant potential exists for optimizing efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Conclusions:
- ITWE is an underexplored but promising technology for sustainable hydrogen production.
- Addressing technical and economic hurdles is essential for its practical deployment.
- Further research and innovation are critical for realizing large-scale green hydrogen generation via ITWE.
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