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Updated: Feb 21, 2026

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Buckwheat FeAUR3 enhances drought tolerance via a melatonin feedback loop.

Zhanyu Wang1, Luping Ma2, Chunyun Zhou1

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Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB
|February 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Buckwheat FeAUR3 kinase regulates drought tolerance by boosting antioxidant defenses and melatonin production. This discovery offers a new target for engineering crops resilient to drought stress.

Keywords:
Abiotic stressAntioxidant systemAurora kinaseFagopyrum esculentumOsmotic adjustmentTranscriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Stress Physiology

Background:

  • Aurora kinases regulate cell division but their role in plant abiotic stress is unknown.
  • Melatonin protects against drought, but its biosynthesis regulation under stress needs clarification.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for engineering drought-tolerant crops.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify upstream regulators of melatonin biosynthesis in plants under drought stress.
  • Investigate the role of buckwheat Aurora kinase FeAUR3 in drought tolerance.
  • Elucidate the regulatory mechanism of FeAUR3 in plant drought adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression analysis in transgenic Arabidopsis and buckwheat hairy roots.
  • Biochemical assays for antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD) and H2O2 content.
  • Proline content measurement.
  • Molecular docking and dynamics simulations.
  • Analysis of melatonin biosynthesis gene expression (FeAANAT, FeHIOMT).

Main Results:

  • FeAUR3 overexpression enhanced antioxidant capacity, proline accumulation, and reduced H2O2 in transgenic plants.
  • FeAUR3 directly upregulated melatonin biosynthesis genes, increasing endogenous melatonin levels.
  • Melatonin positively regulated FeAUR3 expression, forming a feedback loop.
  • Melatonin showed high-affinity binding to FeAUR3.

Conclusions:

  • FeAUR3 is a critical upstream regulator of melatonin-mediated drought response.
  • A FeAUR3-melatonin module orchestrates drought adaptation through a positive feedback loop.
  • FeAUR3 is a promising target for developing drought-resilient crops.