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Interprofessional care for coronary artery disease includes pharmacological therapy and revascularization procedures.Pharmacological therapy for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve patient outcomes through various classes of medications:Antiplatelet Agents:Aspirin and Clopidogrel: These medications inhibit platelet aggregation, preventing blood clots, which is crucial for avoiding heart attacks and strokes. Doctors often prescribe these...
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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
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Cardiac Rehabilitation Utilization Among Veterans: A Sex-Based Analysis.

Merilyn S Varghese1, Ling Han1, Parul U Gandhi1

  • 1Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.

JACC. Advances
|February 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participation remains low for U.S. Veterans, with no sex disparities. However, Veterans with lower socioeconomic status were less likely to participate in CR programs.

Keywords:
Area Deprivation IndexVeteranscardiac rehabilitationsex differences

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Veterans exhibit higher cardiovascular disease risk than non-Veterans.
  • Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves cardiovascular outcomes but its utilization in Veterans is unclear.
  • Understanding CR participation is crucial for addressing health disparities in Veteran populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the participation rates in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) among U.S. Veterans.
  • To examine disparities in CR uptake based on sex and socioeconomic status.
  • To identify factors influencing CR initiation in the Veteran population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study utilizing national electronic health records from 2021-2023.
  • Analysis of CR participation within one year of major cardiac events (myocardial infarction, PCI, CABG).
  • Multivariable logistic regression incorporating patient and community-level factors, including Area Deprivation Indices (ADIs) for socioeconomic status.

Main Results:

  • Overall CR participation was low (10.4%) among 82,496 eligible Veterans, with similar rates for women (10.2%) and men (10.4%).
  • No significant sex-based differences in CR participation were observed after adjusting for covariates (aOR: 0.90; P=0.121).
  • Veterans in the most deprived ADI quartile showed significantly lower CR participation compared to the least deprived quartile (aOR: 0.82; P<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac rehabilitation uptake is low among U.S. Veterans, significantly lagging behind Medicare beneficiaries.
  • While sex is not a barrier to initiating CR, socioeconomic status demonstrably impacts participation.
  • Further research into Veteran-specific CR delivery models is essential to improve access and outcomes.