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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia

A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia

Published on: October 10, 2020

Radiographic assessment of medial elbow stability.

Maximilian Gressl¹, Flamur Zendeli¹, Benjamin Fritz²

¹Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

|February 19, 2026

Summary

Standardized valgus stress radiography can identify medial elbow soft-tissue injuries. This method offers a cost-effective alternative to MRI for diagnosing elbow instability, particularly at 60° flexion.

Keywords:

Medial elbow stability UCL lesions elbow instability elbow valgus stability stress radiography telos stress radiography

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Published on: September 16, 2022

Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Diagnostic Imaging
Biomechanics

Background:

Current diagnosis of elbow valgus instability relies on costly MRI or MRA.
Stress radiography has shown promise as an alternative diagnostic tool.
This study aimed to assess standardized valgus stress radiography for medial elbow soft-tissue lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of standardized valgus stress radiography in identifying soft-tissue lesions of the medial elbow.
To compare joint gapping under stress in intact versus injured elbow states.
To determine optimal imaging positions for detecting medial elbow instability.

Main Methods:

Six cadaveric elbows underwent stress radiography using a Telos device with 50 N valgus stress.
Ulnohumeral joint spaces were measured in intact, MCL-transected, and common flexor tendon-transected states.
Imaging was performed at 0°, 30°, and 60° flexion with neutral, supinated, and pronated forearm positions.

Main Results:

Mean joint gapping increased significantly in ligament- and/or tendon-deficient states compared to the intact state.
Common flexor tendon transection led to statistically significant ulnohumeral joint gapping in most positions (p<0.05).
Medial joint laxity was greatest at 60° flexion and in pronation/neutral rotation.

Conclusions:

Telos stress radiography is effective in detecting significant ligamentous injuries of the medial elbow.
Dynamic joint stabilization may influence the detection of MCL injuries.
Elbow stress radiography should include examination at 60° flexion for optimal assessment.