Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence in Multiple Sclerosis MRI: A Comprehensive Review

Area of Science:

• Medical Imaging
• Artificial Intelligence
• Neurology

Background:

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease.
• Accurate diagnosis and prognosis are crucial for effective MS management.
• Medical imaging, particularly MRI, plays a key role in MS assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the applications of MRI radiomics in multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis and prognosis.
• To synthesize findings from recent studies (2015-2025) on AI-enhanced radiomics for MS.
• To identify the potential and limitations of radiomics in clinical MS management.

Main Methods:

• Literature search of PubMed and Scopus databases.
• Inclusion of studies published between 2015 and 2025.
• Analysis of 26 selected articles on MRI radiomics and artificial intelligence in multiple sclerosis.

Main Results:

• Radiomics features from brain MRI, combined with AI, can differentiate MS lesions from healthy tissue.
• AI-powered radiomics shows potential in predicting MS-related disability and detecting disease activity.
• These methods can help distinguish MS from conditions with similar symptoms.

Conclusions:

• MRI radiomics combined with AI offers a promising approach to enhance multiple sclerosis management.
• The technology demonstrates capabilities in diagnosis, prognosis, and disease monitoring.
• Addressing limitations like dataset imbalance and external validation is essential for clinical integration.