A Mixed Methods Study of Anxiety and Patient Perception of Safety in Contrast-Enhanced MRI

Contrast administration may contribute to patient anxiety and safety concerns during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), yet patient experiences specific to contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) examination remain underexplored.

To explore patients' experiences during CE-MRI examination, focusing on anxiety levels and safety perceptions.

Questionnaire-based study with follow-up patient interviews.

Two hundred and three adult patients undergoing CE-MRI in public hospitals; 28 participated in follow up interviews.

1.5 Tesla/standardized MRI scanning protocols across multiple body regions comprised 6-17 sequences per examination, with total table times ranging from 30 to 50 min, depending on the anatomical region examined.

A structured questionnaire consisted of 31 items covering demographic characteristics, scan related information, experience with the CE-MRI examination, including information received, and anxiety assessment before, during, and after the CE-MRI examination using a four-point Likert scale. Following the CE-MRI examination, 28 patients from this original cohort participated in semi-structured interviews to explore their anxiety levels and perceptions of safety during the examination.

Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, and a p value < 0.05 was considered significant. While qualitative data were analyzed thematically using NVivo software.

Forty-six percent of patients reported increased anxiety during contrast administration, and 26.1% rated the information provided about the examination unclear. It was found that 35% felt the examination did not meet their expectations based on the information given. Anxiety was more prevalent among females (Mean = 1.71), younger patients (Mean = 2.04), and those with higher education levels (Mean = 1.96). Qualitative findings identified key anxiety triggers, including sensory discomfort, fear of unknown outcomes, and poor timing or poor clarity of information. Empathetic communication and clarity were perceived as essential anxiety-reducing factors. Notably, anxiety levels significantly decreased after the examination (χ² = 24.955).

Anxiety levels were influenced by sex, age, education level, the provided information, and the quality of communication.

4.

Stage 3 (Diagnostic Thinking).