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Single Plane Illumination Module and Micro-capillary Approach for a Wide-field Microscope
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Ultra-directional and high-efficiency µLEDs via gradient index filled micro-horn collimators.

Alexander Luce1,2, Rasoul Alaee3, Aimi Abass3

  • 1Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. alexander.luce@fau.de.

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|February 19, 2026
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Summary

This study enhances micro-light-emitting diodes (µLEDs) for AR/VR and displays. A novel horn collimator and anti-reflection coating significantly boost light extraction and directionality, achieving 80% efficiency.

Keywords:
DirectionalityFDTDLight extraction efficiencyNear-eye AR/VROutcoupling structurenanoLEDµDisplayµLED

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Micro-light-emitting diodes (µLEDs) are crucial for advanced displays and optical communication.
  • Current µLEDs suffer from low light extraction efficiency and poor emission directionality, limiting their performance.
  • Addressing these limitations is key to realizing the full potential of µLED technology in near-eye AR/VR and other applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an innovative optical structure for µLEDs to enhance light extraction efficiency and emission directionality.
  • To investigate the impact of a descending index multilayer anti-reflection coating and horn collimator on µLED performance.
  • To provide a compact and efficient solution for high-resolution µLED arrays used in miniaturized display systems.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and simulated a µLED structure incorporating a descending index multilayer anti-reflection coating and a horn collimator.
  • Explored both discrete and continuous refractive index gradients within the horn structure.
  • Analyzed light extraction efficiency and directionality within a specified cone angle.
  • Evaluated performance across variations in quantum well position.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a tenfold increase in light extraction within a narrow cone, concentrating 31% of power.
  • Reached an overall light extraction efficiency of approximately 80%.
  • Demonstrated maintained performance across varied quantum well positions.
  • The proposed design offers superior efficiency and directionality compared to conventional lenses, with a significantly smaller footprint.

Conclusions:

  • The developed µLED optical enhancement strategy significantly improves light extraction and directionality.
  • The compact and highly efficient design is suitable for densely packed, high-resolution µLED arrays.
  • This advancement paves the way for next-generation high-performance, miniaturized display systems.