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Defining minimum expected competencies for orthopaedic surgery residency training in Chile: A national Delphi
Rodrigo Guiloff1,2,3, David Figueroa4,5, Ignacio Seitz4
1Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile. rguiloff@gmail.com.
International Orthopaedics
|February 19, 2026
Summary
This study defined minimum competencies for Chilean orthopaedic surgery residents using a Delphi method. Consensus was reached on foundational skills, but not advanced procedures, highlighting training context needs.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Surgical Training
- Competency-Based Education
Background:
- Establishing standardized competencies is crucial for orthopaedic surgery residency.
- Competency-based medical education (CBME) requires clearly defined learning outcomes.
- Chilean orthopaedic surgery training needed a national consensus on resident competencies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define minimum expected competencies for orthopaedic surgery residents in Chile.
- To provide a foundation for competency-based curriculum development.
- To align Chilean training with international CBME principles.
Main Methods:
- A multicentre modified Delphi study involving 28 academic leaders.
- Initial open-ended questions followed by two 5-point Likert scale rounds.
- Consensus defined as ≥80% agreement with IQR ≤1.
Main Results:
- Consensus achieved on 32 competency statements across ACGME and CanMEDS domains.
- Agreement on non-procedural skills and foundational surgical competencies.
- No consensus on autonomy for advanced procedures (arthroplasty, soft-tissue) due to safety and training level concerns.
Conclusions:
- This Delphi study provides the first consensus on minimum orthopaedic surgery residency competencies in Chile.
- The framework supports educational development and accreditation discussions.
- It balances international CBME principles with local training context.
