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Temporal Clustering of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Associated Encephalitis and Stroke, South Korea, 2024

Seung Ha Song, Dayun Kang, Ye Kyung Kim

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |February 19, 2026
    PubMed

    Insights

    During South Korea's 2023-2024 Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic, a rise in pediatric encephalitis and stroke cases was observed. This highlights the need for enhanced neurological surveillance during Mycoplasma pneumoniae outbreaks.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen.
    • Previous seasons have not shown similar neurological patterns.
    • Postpandemic shifts may influence disease presentation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the temporal association between the 2023-2024 Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic and pediatric neurological cases.
    • To assess the need for neurological surveillance during M. pneumoniae epidemics.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of pediatric neurological cases.
    • Correlation with the Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic timeline.

    Main Results:

    • Seventeen pediatric cases (12 encephalitis, 5 stroke) occurred during the 2023-2024 M. pneumoniae epidemic.
    • This clustering was not observed in prior seasons.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings suggest a potential link between M. pneumoniae and pediatric neurological conditions.
    • Increased neurological surveillance is recommended during M. pneumoniae epidemics, especially postpandemic.
    Keywords:
    Mycoplasma pneumoniaeSouth Koreabacteriachildrenmeningitis/encephalitisrespiratory infectionsstroke

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