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Adjoint shape optimization and experimental demonstration of silicon-based 1 × 2 mode splitter
Optics Express
|February 20, 2026
Summary
We developed a compact silicon mode splitter using adjoint optimization for efficient TE0 and TE1 mode separation. This device offers a low-loss solution for on-chip optical communication systems.
Area of Science:
- Photonics
- Integrated Optics
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Conventional mode splitters often suffer from large footprints and limited bandwidth.
- Efficient separation of transverse electric (TE) modes is crucial for advanced optical communication.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and experimentally demonstrate an ultra-compact silicon-based mode splitter.
- To achieve efficient TE0 and TE1 mode separation with preserved mode order.
Main Methods:
- Adjoint-based shape optimization was employed to design the device.
- A silicon-silica structure was fabricated within a 5.5 µm × 4 µm functional area.
Main Results:
- The mode splitter demonstrated an operating bandwidth exceeding 130 nm.
- Insertion loss was below 2.5 dB, and crosstalk was under -10 dB.
Conclusions:
- The proposed ultra-compact mode splitter offers a flexible, low-loss solution for on-chip mode-division multiplexing.
- Inverse design enables high integration density and enhanced performance for optical systems.
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