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Related Experiment Video

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Synchronous single-photon LiDAR ranging with up to two triggers per pulse cycle.

Xiaofang Wang, Yan Kang, Tongyi Zhang

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    |February 20, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) LiDAR faces pileup errors. This study introduces a dead time compensation method, significantly reducing ranging errors for applications like autonomous driving.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Sensing
    • LiDAR Technology
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems are limited by pileup errors at high echo photon flux due to SPAD dead time.
    • Accurate and rapid ranging is essential for expanding single-photon LiDAR applications in remote sensing and autonomous driving, requiring effective dead time compensation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and propose dead time compensation methods for synchronous single-photon ranging LiDAR operating with multi-photon detection capabilities.
    • To address the challenge of wide dynamic range echo photon flux in SPAD array detectors.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental investigation of a synchronous single-photon ranging LiDAR system capable of detecting up to two photons per laser cycle.
    • Development of dead time compensation algorithms based on forward modeling of the photon detection process.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed dead time compensation method reduced ranging error to less than 4.2 cm using a 3.5 ns laser pulse.
    • Uncompensated ranging error reached a maximum of 17.96 cm, highlighting the effectiveness of the compensation technique.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed dead time compensation method significantly improves ranging accuracy in single-photon LiDAR systems.
    • This approach offers a valuable reference for designing LiDAR systems that balance detection efficiency and hardware constraints.