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    Accurate wavefront aberration measurement of polarization modulators is crucial for high-resolution polarimetric imaging. This study introduces an optimized Fizeau interferometer method using a quarter-wave plate to enhance fringe contrast and improve measurement accuracy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Metrology
    • Polarimetry

    Background:

    • Wavefront aberration measurement is critical for high-resolution polarimetric imaging.
    • Standard Fizeau interferometry struggles with polarization modulators due to polarization effects degrading fringe contrast and measurement accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a polarization model for Fizeau interferometers tailored for polarization-sensitive components.
    • To analyze measurement limitations and present an optimized method for accurate wavefront aberration testing of polarization modulators.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a polarization model for Fizeau interferometers for wavefront testing.
    • Implemented an optimization method using a standard quarter-wave plate to enhance fringe contrast.
    • Systematically analyzed measurement limitations of the interferometer.

    Main Results:

    • The optimized method significantly improves fringe contrast compared to traditional configurations.
    • Accurate wavefront measurement of Stokes parameter-based polarization modulators was achieved under arbitrary configurations.
    • Experimental verification confirmed the efficacy of the presented method.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method enables accurate wavefront measurement for polarization modulators.
    • The approach is extendable to general polarization optical components and systems.
    • This broadens the applicability and improves the accuracy of Fizeau laser interferometers in polarization-sensitive applications.