Integrated thermal management in a multispectral camouflage metasurface for laser, infrared, and microwave bands

Achieving multispectral camouflage compatible across laser, infrared (IR), and microwave bands is a pivotal challenge for advanced optoelectronic systems, yet its development has been fundamentally hindered by a longstanding paradox: severe heat accumulation caused by essential electromagnetic absorption inevitably compromises infrared stealth. Current strategies often suffer from performance trade-offs or structural complexity. Here, we propose and numerically demonstrate a hierarchical metasurface that resolves this conflict via a mechanism-decoupling strategy, enabling synergistic laser-IR-microwave stealth with built-in thermal management. The upper laser-IR layer employs coupled plasmonic resonances to achieve >0.99 absorption at 1.064 μm, maintain low emissivity (<0.2) within the 3-5 μm and 8-14 μm atmospheric windows, and simultaneously provide selective high emission (>0.8) in the 5-8 μm non-atmospheric window for radiative cooling. The lower radar layer incorporates genetically-optimized, polarization-insensitive Pancharatnam-Berry phase coding elements, delivering >10 dB monostatic radar cross-section reduction from 12 to 20 GHz. Full-wave simulations confirm that this integrated design effectively tackles the "absorption-heating" paradox endemic to conventional stealth materials. The microwave stealth performance is experimentally validated using fabricated prototypes. This work provides a scalable platform to overcome the thermal management bottleneck in multispectral camouflage and offers new insights into the design of integrated photonic devices requiring multifunctional electromagnetic and thermal control.