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Published on: March 25, 2010
Magnetic properties of an individual Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense cell
Mathias M Claus1,2, Marcus Wyss1, Dirk Schüler3
1University of Basel, Swiss Nanoscience Institute, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Many bacteria share the fascinating ability to sense Earth's magnetic field-a process known as magnetotaxis. These bacteria synthesize magnetic nanoparticles, called magnetosomes, within their own cell body and arrange them to form a linear magnetic chain. The chain, which behaves like a compass needle, aligns the microorganisms with the geomagnetic field. Here, we measure the magnetic hysteresis of an individual bacterium of the species Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense via ultrasensitive torque magnetometry. These measurements, in combination with transmission electron microscopy and micromagnetic simulations, reveal the magnetic configurations of the magnetosomes, their progression as a function of applied field, as well as the total remanent magnetic moment and effective magnetic anisotropy of a chain within a single bacterium. Knowledge of these properties is crucial both for understanding the mechanisms behind magnetotaxis and for the design of systems exploiting magnetotactic bacteria in biomedical applications.
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