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A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

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Published on: March 1, 2022

Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a context-sensitive random language model.

Yuma Toji¹, Jun Takahashi², Vwani Roychowdhury³

¹Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan.

Physical Review. E

|February 20, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate a phase transition in a novel language model, inspired by physics. This finding suggests natural language critical properties may stem from Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phases, not just fine-tuning.

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Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

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Published on: December 6, 2024

Area of Science:

Statistical Physics
Computational Linguistics
Natural Language Processing

Background:

Power-law critical properties in natural languages resemble physical systems' phase transitions.
Large language models (LLMs) show similarities to physics concepts like scaling laws.
A gap exists in identifying generative language models exhibiting statistical physics-defined phase transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

To construct and analyze a probabilistic language model exhibiting a phase transition.
To investigate the applicability of statistical physics concepts to natural language modeling.
To explore the nature of critical properties in natural languages.

Main Methods:

Developed a context-sensitive random language model inspired by the 1D Potts model.
Numerically demonstrated an unambiguous phase transition by tuning a model parameter.
Defined and analyzed an order parameter capturing symbol frequency biases.

Main Results:

The order parameter transitioned from zero to non-zero in the infinite-length limit, indicating a singularity.
Identified the transition as a variant of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition.
Observed BKT phase characteristics in a one-dimensional system, a rare phenomenon.

Conclusions:

Natural language critical properties might be generically explained by BKT phases.
This challenges the need for fine-tuning or self-organized criticality to explain language properties.
The study provides a rare example of a BKT phase in a 1D system, with implications for physics and linguistics.