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Generation of a Three-dimensional Full Thickness Skin Equivalent and Automated Wounding

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Ultrastructural Analysis of In Vitro Glycated Engineered Skin.

Kimberly Denman¹, Vighter Iberi², Yuri Roiter²

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology

|February 20, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows that in vitro skin glycation quickly creates wrinkles and yellowing in engineered skin models. This method helps evaluate skincare products for anti-aging effects.

Keywords:

atomic force microscopy glycation mechanics scanning transmission electron microscopy skin

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Dermatology
Aging Research

Background:

Skin aging causes wrinkles, yellowing, and loss of luster.
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a primary cause of skin aging.
In vitro models are needed to study skin glycation effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine how in vitro glycation affects engineered skin model properties.
To establish a rapid method for recapitulating skin glycation effects.
To provide a platform for evaluating anti-aging skincare products.

Main Methods:

Engineered skin models (MatTek EpiDerm) were glycated in vitro using glyceraldehyde.
Changes in luminosity, cell/matrix morphology, and surface properties were analyzed.
Immunohistochemistry, STEM, and AFM were used to assess glycation and ultrastructure.

Main Results:

Glycation reduced skin luster and increased yellowing.
Cell and matrix morphology were disrupted, with increased roughness and modulus.
Observed effects mimic those in natural and engineered aged skin.

Conclusions:

This approach offers a fast and simple method to induce glycation effects in model skin.
The model can be used to test skincare products for mitigating glycation-induced aging.
This study advances in vitro skin aging research and product development.