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Investigating Protein-protein Interactions in Live Cells Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer

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Published on: May 26, 2014

Energy Transfer in Bioluminescence.

Shuangqi Pi¹, Ya-Jun Liu^1,2

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.

Luminescence : the Journal of Biological and Chemical Luminescence

|February 20, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) enhances light emission for deep-tissue bioimaging. Engineering BRET systems with luciferases and fluorescent proteins achieves brighter, red-shifted signals, improving biological process visualization.

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Biochemistry
Bioimaging

Background:

Bioluminescence (BL) offers sensitive, non-invasive bioimaging but is limited by intensity and short-wavelength emission.
Natural bioluminescent organisms utilize luminescent systems and antenna proteins for light emission.
Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) is inspired by natural systems to overcome BL limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the fundamental mechanisms of energy transfer (ET) in natural bioluminescent systems.
To summarize recent advances in engineering BRET systems for enhanced bioimaging.
To discuss challenges and future directions for developing advanced BL probes.

Main Methods:

Analysis of experimental and theoretical studies on natural bioluminescence mechanisms.
Review of engineered BRET systems coupling luciferases with fluorescent proteins, organic dyes, and nanomaterials.
Exploration of strategies to achieve brighter and red-shifted emissions, including near-infrared II (NIR-II) applications.

Main Results:

BRET systems can overcome native BL limitations, enabling brighter and red-shifted light emission.
Coupling luciferases with fluorescent proteins, dyes, and nanomaterials extends BL into the NIR-II region.
Engineered BRET probes show potential for improved deep-tissue imaging.

Conclusions:

Engineered BRET systems offer significant improvements over native bioluminescence for bioimaging.
Further development is needed to enhance brightness, spectral tunability, and stability of BL probes.
Advanced BRET probes will enable high-resolution, deep-tissue imaging of biological processes.