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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
1.3K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.6K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
1.6K
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

789
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action01:23

Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action

3.5K
Local anesthetics (LAs) block sensory and motor impulses by inhibiting the sodium channels on the nerve cell membranes. This induces temporary loss of sensation, relieving pain in a specific body area.
Local anesthetics are amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophobic aromatic part linked to a hydrophilic group by an ester or amide linkage. They are weak bases and are usually available as salts, which increases their solubility and stability. Once administered, LAs exist in the body either...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor
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Key targets for activating anaesthesia shared decision-making: a mixed methods systematic review.

Adam Madhani1, Nicolas Suarez2, Katherine A Finlay1

  • 1School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.

Anaesthesia
|February 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enhancing shared decision-making in anaesthesia requires clinician training, patient preference elicitation, and system-level support. Implementing these targets can improve patient-centered care and streamline anaesthesia discussions.

Keywords:
Theoretical Domains Frameworkcommunicationimplementation scienceinformed consentpatient‐centred careperi‐operative care

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Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics
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Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
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Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics
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Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Health Services Research
  • Patient Engagement

Background:

  • Shared decision-making (SDM) in anaesthesia is recognized but inconsistently applied.
  • This review identifies key targets to improve SDM in peri-operative care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify primary activation targets for enhancing SDM in anaesthesia practice.
  • To provide a practical framework for improving SDM delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Mixed methods systematic review of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed studies.
  • Data synthesis using narrative methods and appraisal with the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool.
  • Mapping findings to the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify behavioral determinants.

Main Results:

  • Nine activation targets identified across clinician, patient, and system levels.
  • Clinician targets: communication training, preference elicitation, capacity assessment.
  • Patient targets: explicit choices, anxiety reduction, accessible education. System targets: early scheduling, protected time, decision support.

Conclusions:

  • Coordinated action on identified targets is crucial for effective SDM in anaesthesia.
  • Priorities include earlier scheduling, protected time, standardized tools, and patient information.
  • Findings support a move towards streamlined, patient-centered SDM delivery.