Integrated assessment of rabies vaccination coverage and behavioral classification of pet owners using knowledge,...

Rabies remains a fatal zoonotic disease of major public health importance in Vietnam, with rising human and animal cases in recent years. Achieving effective control requires high vaccination coverage in dogs and cats, as well as a clear understanding of the behavioral factors influencing vaccination decisions. This cross-sectional analytical study aimed to assess vaccination coverage, examine determinants of proactive vaccination behaviors, and classify pet owners based on their knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding rabies prevention in Duc Hue District, Long An Province, during the 2024 mass vaccination campaign.

The study was conducted across 11 communes between January 10 and April 25, 2024. Data collection included a general household survey and a structured KAP questionnaire. Digital tools such as KoboToolbox, QGIS version 3.36, and RStudio version 4.5.1 were used for data entry, mapping, and statistical analysis. Logistic regression identified demographic and logistical variables associated with proactive vaccination behavior. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to classify pet owners into behavioral groups based on KAP score patterns. Ethical approval was obtained from Nong Lam University and the Long An People's Committee.

A total of 6,899 of 8,776 pets were vaccinated, achieving a coverage rate of 78.6%, surpassing the national target of 70% for 2022-2025, although coverage varied widely across communes (60.63%-87.78%). Logistic regression revealed that higher education levels, specific occupations, shorter distance to veterinary services, and smaller total pet populations were significant predictors of proactive vaccination behavior. PCA and CA identified three distinct groups of pet owners. The group with higher education levels and farming occupations demonstrated the strongest KAP profile, while the lowest-performing group was associated with limited education and greater logistical challenges in accessing veterinary services.

This study presents the first integrated behavioral-statistical classification of pet owners in southern Vietnam using PCA and clustering, providing a data-driven foundation for more targeted rabies vaccination interventions. Addressing logistical barriers, improving equitable access to veterinary services, and tailoring educational activities toward low-performing groups are essential for sustaining vaccination gains and advancing Vietnam's goal of achieving 80% coverage by 2030.