Computer assisted navigation in total shoulder arthroplasty

The utilization of total shoulder arthroplasty has increased markedly over recent decades, owing to the introduction of reverse shoulder arthroplasty, modular and convertible components, and advances in preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance technology. Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT)-based planning software enables accurate assessment and correction of glenoid deformity and plan for individualized implant selection and templating. Guidance technology extends this capability into the operating room by allowing the surgeon to replicate the preoperative plan with precision and accuracy. Computer-assisted navigation (CAN) is a guidance technology that provides real-time intraoperative feedback to execute the preoperative plan. CAN is currently available for the glenoid component only and is particularly useful in complex primary and revision cases, providing improved accuracy and precision of glenoid component placement, and better short-term outcomes. Although the cost effectiveness, and long-term benefits on implant survivorship are unknown, CAN represents a safe and effective intraoperative guidance tool while maintaining low complication rates. In this review, we discuss the current status of CAN in shoulder arthroplasty including the surgical technique, and review of literature.