Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT

Published on: January 7, 2018

Prediabetes in Transition: Insights from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Zahra Bahadoran¹, Farhad Hosseinpanah²

¹Micronutrient Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

|February 20, 2026

Abstract

Context:

Prediabetes (Pre-DM) is an intermediate state between normoglycemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D), encompassing heterogeneous phenotypes, including isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (iIGT), and combined iIFG-impaired glucose tolerance (IFG-IGT). This review aimed to synthesize evidence from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) on modifiable and non-modifiable determinants of Pre-DM transition.

Evidence Acquisition:

Relevant TLGS publications were identified through PubMed and Scopus up to September 2025 using keywords including "prediabetes," "impaired fasting glucose," "impaired glucose tolerance," "diabetes," "regression," "progression," "determinants," and "Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study." Eligible studies included prospective analyses of Pre-DM regression and progression.

Results:

Evidence from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study indicates that both non-modifiable and modifiable factors influence the Pre-DM transition. Regression to normoglycemia (NGR) was associated with younger age, lower fasting glucose, higher physical activity, and adherence to healthy diets, whereas progression to T2D was associated with obesity, central adiposity, the combined IFG-IGT phenotype, and unhealthy dietary patterns. Specifically, high adherence to the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), higher intakes of low-fat dairy, certain minerals, and coffee facilitate regression to NGR, while Western-style diets increase the risk of progression to T2D. Across the phenotypes, regression to NGR was most likely in individuals with IGT, particularly those with ≥ 5% weight loss and adherence to healthy dietary patterns. Combined IFG-IGT benefited from high adherence to the AHEI. The iIFG phenotype appears particularly susceptible to excessive exposure to nitrate/nitrite, zinc, and diets high in cholesterol, saturated, and trans fats, which may attenuate reversion to NGR and facilitate progression to T2D.

Conclusions:

Findings from the TLGS cohort show that healthy lifestyle factors favor regression to NGR, whereas obesity and poor dietary habits accelerate progression to T2D.

Keywords:

Glycemic Phenotypes Lifestyle Interventions Prediabetes Progression Regression

More Related Videos

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

The association between the Triglyceride-Glucose index and skeletal muscle mass: insights from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders·2026

Serum Zinc Levels in Early Life and Risk of Elevated Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: An 8-Year Prospective Study.

Cardiovascular toxicology·2026

Risk of Zinc Deficiency from Urinary Zinc Loss Induced by Antihypertensive Drugs: A Narrative Review.

Biological trace element research·2026

Abdominal Obesity Phenotypes and Incidence of Type 2 DM, Cardiovascular Outcomes and All-Cause Mortality-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Health science reports·2026

The Iranian Consensus on Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: An Expert Consensus.

Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran·2026

Associations between indices of body composition and metabolic status in normal-weight adults: a cross-sectional study of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

BMJ open·2026

See all related articles