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3D Passive Cavitation Mapping (3D-PCM) with a Large-aperture Planar Array.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
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Intra-Crater Bubble Expansion Drives the Fracture of Impacted Ureteral Artificial and Human Calcium Phosphate Stones in Laser Lithotripsy.

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Nanofluid-Enhanced Laser Lithotripsy Using Conducting Polymer Nanoparticles.

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Intra-Crater Bubble Expansion Drives the Fracture of Impacted Ureteral Stones in Laser Lithotripsy.

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Optimizing Fragmentation while Minimizing Thermal Injury Risk with the Thulium Fiber Laser in Ureteral Stone Lithotripsy: An In Vitro Study.

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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

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Ejecta-Modulated Bubble Dynamics Play a Dominant Role in Stone Retropulsion.

Obed S Isaac1, Arpit Mishra1, Georgy N Sankin1,2

  • 1Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, USA.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|February 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laser lithotripsy causes kidney stone migration due to bubble dynamics, not ejecta recoil. Ejecta shape bubble collapse, influencing stone movement and guiding laser strategies for better medical and industrial applications.

Keywords:
bubble dynamicscavitationejectalaser‐lithotripsyretropulsion

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Laser absorption in liquids generates cavitation bubbles, leading to high-speed jets and shock waves.
  • In laser lithotripsy, this causes kidney stone retropulsion, reducing procedural efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the primary physical mechanism driving kidney stone retropulsion during laser lithotripsy.
  • To determine the roles of bubble dynamics and ejecta in stone motion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a clinical Ho:YAG laser system with Begostone phantoms.
  • Employed ultra-high-speed imaging (5 million fps) and optical coherence tomography.
  • Developed a dimensionally consistent empirical model to describe retropulsion.

Main Results:

  • Vapor bubble dynamics, not ejecta recoil, predominantly govern stone motion.
  • Ejecta modulate bubble morphology and collapse asymmetry, influencing crater geometry and jet formation.
  • Stone retropulsion magnitude and direction are affected by asymmetric crater geometries from previous pulses.

Conclusions:

  • Ejecta-modulated bubble dynamics are the primary mechanism behind stone retropulsion.
  • Understanding these dynamics offers insights for optimizing laser lithotripsy strategies.
  • This research also informs controlled cavitation applications in medicine and industry.