Consensus recommendations in the management of jaw (gnathic) osteosarcoma

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Rare Cancers

Background:

• Gnathic osteosarcoma (OS), affecting the jaw, comprises 6%-9% of all OS cases.
• Clinical differences exist between gnathic OS and OS in other body sites, including craniofacial regions.
• No prospective studies specifically address gnathic OS, and its management remains controversial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the existing literature on the diagnosis, treatment, and supportive/survivorship care for gnathic OS.
• To provide consensus statements for the comprehensive management of this rare disease.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of available studies on gnathic OS.
• Analysis of diagnosis, treatment protocols, and survivorship care.
• Development of consensus statements based on reviewed evidence.

Main Results:

• Clinical management of gnathic OS shows variations compared to extragnathic OS.
• While R0 surgical resection is standard, chemotherapy and radiation protocols are not clearly defined.
• Evidence synthesis for diagnosis, treatment, and supportive care was performed.

Conclusions:

• Comprehensive management guidelines are needed for gnathic OS due to its rarity and controversial aspects.
• Consensus statements aim to standardize care for patients with jaw bone osteosarcoma.
• Further prospective studies are warranted to refine treatment strategies for gnathic OS.