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Inadequate Preventive Dental Care Is Associated With Higher Cardiovascular Risk Identified by ECG-Based Artificial
Negin Mahmoudi Hamidabad1, Matteo Manzato1, Elias Hellou1
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA.
Background:
Inadequate preventive dental care may contribute to inflammatory conditions such as periodontitis, increasing cardiovascular disease risk. Artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiography (AI-ECG) algorithms accurately estimate cardiovascular disease risk. We investigated the association between inadequate preventive dental care and the AI-ECG-estimated risk of atrial fibrillation, aortic stenosis, low ejection fraction, cardiac amyloid, cardiovascular aging, and all-cause mortality.
Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 266 637 Mayo Clinic patients (2018-2024) who completed a Social Determinants of Health Survey and had an ECG performed within 1 year of survey completion. AI-ECG algorithms generated continuous risk scores (0 or 1) for atrial fibrillation, aortic stenosis, low ejection fraction, and amyloid. Cardiac aging was assessed by delta age, calculated as AI-ECG-estimated physiological age minus the chronological age. Associations with preventive dental care were analyzed using logistic regression. Cox regression evaluated dental care predictiveness on all-cause mortality.
Results:
Among 266 637 individuals (mean age, 59.5±16.4 years; 51.1% women), 49 918 (18.7%) reported inadequate preventive dental care. These individuals had higher delta age and increased AI-ECG-predicted risks of atrial fibrillation, aortic stenosis, amyloid, and reduced ejection fraction (all P<0.001). In multivariable logistic regression models including all AI-ECG scores, inadequate preventive dental care was associated with higher probabilities of low ejection fraction (odds ratio [OR], 1.80 [95% CI, 1.69-1.91]), atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.04-1.17]), aortic stenosis (OR, 1.90 [95% CI, 1.64-2.20]), amyloid (OR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.12-1.25]), and higher delta age (OR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.02-1.03]) (all P<0.001). Inadequate preventive dental care predicted all-cause mortality after adjusting for demographics, risk factors, and AI-ECG algorithms (HR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.38-1.53], P<0.001).
Conclusions:
Inadequate preventive dental care is associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease. AI-ECG algorithms may facilitate cardiovascular risk stratification among individuals with limited preventive dental care access.
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