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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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A Dual-Functional Artificial Interphase Design for High-Efficient and Long-Duration Anode-Free Sodium All-Solid-State

Boqian Yi1, Yangyang Xia1, Heng Jiang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of High Pressure and Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|February 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel interphase layer for anode-free solid-state sodium batteries. This innovation enhances sodium deposition and stability, paving the way for more durable and efficient energy storage solutions.

Keywords:
Na5SmSi4O12anode‐free batteriesinactive sodiumphotoinitiated polymerizationsolid‐state batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Anode-free solid-state sodium batteries (AFSSBs) offer high energy density and cost benefits but face challenges like sodium dendrite formation and interfacial issues.
  • Existing strategies struggle with rigid interfaces, volume expansion, and reactivation of inactive sodium, hindering practical AFSSB deployment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate sodium morphology evolution at the interface between a copper current collector and Na5SmSi4O12 (NSSO) solid electrolyte.
  • To design and implement a dual-functional iodinated polymeric elastic artificial interphase layer (I-PIL) to address key AFSSB challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated sodium deposition morphologies on Cu/NSSO interfaces.
  • Developed an iodinated polymeric elastic artificial interphase layer (I-PIL) using photoinitiated polymerization.
  • Tested Na|Cu half-cells and full AFSSBs with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathodes.

Main Results:

  • The I-PIL ensured conformal interfacial contact and reactivated dead sodium via I3- reaction.
  • Na|Cu half-cells demonstrated excellent cycling stability with 99.7% Coulombic efficiency over 1000 hours at 1.5 mA cm-2.
  • AFSSBs retained 85.8% capacity after 2000 cycles at 1.0 mA cm-2 and 92.8% over three months under high mass loading (28 mg cm-2).

Conclusions:

  • The study provides fundamental insights into sodium deposition mechanisms in AFSSBs.
  • The developed I-PIL offers a versatile and scalable strategy for enhancing interfacial stability and performance in anode-free solid-state batteries.
  • This work advances the development of high-performance, durable next-generation energy storage.