Repurposing Itraconazole in Combination with Chemotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor for Cancer.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pharmacology
• Drug Repurposing

Background:

• Cancer presents a significant global health challenge.
• Drug repurposing offers a cost-effective and time-efficient alternative to traditional cancer drug discovery.
• The antifungal agent itraconazole exhibits anticancer properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review preclinical and clinical evidence for itraconazole in cancer therapy.
• To focus on itraconazole's synergistic effects when combined with chemotherapy and PD-1 inhibitors.
• To explore the mechanisms and challenges of using itraconazole in oncology.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing preclinical and clinical studies on itraconazole in cancer.
• Analysis of combination therapies involving itraconazole, chemotherapy, and anti-PD-1 agents.
• Examination of proposed molecular mechanisms and clinical considerations.

Main Results:

• Itraconazole demonstrates anticancer activity across various tumor types, particularly in combination therapies.
• Synergistic effects are observed with chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors.
• Proposed mechanisms include modulation of tumor metabolism, angiogenesis, and immune signaling.

Conclusions:

• Combination therapy with itraconazole and chemotherapy or anti-PD-1 agents is a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
• Further well-designed clinical trials are warranted to optimize its use.
• Addressing challenges like drug-drug interactions and toxicity is crucial for clinical translation.