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Does Stimulation of Plantar Mechanoreceptors Alter Visual Spatial Localization?

Philippe Villeneuve1, Frédéric Viseux2,3,4, Rodolfo Parreira5

  • 1ICAR UMR 5191 CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 215, Parvis René Descartes PB 7000, CEDEX 07, 69342 Lyon, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altering foot sole stimulation impacts vertical heterophoria (VH), influencing gaze and posture. Subtle changes can shift individuals between ortho- and heterophoria, demonstrating the foot

Keywords:
footoculomotor musclespostural controlvertical heterophoria

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomechanics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Postural control involves complex interactions between visual and somatosensory systems.
  • The relationship between foot sole mechanoreceptors and vertical heterophoria (VH) is not well understood.
  • Existing methods for assessing minimum VH are limited, especially for values below 1/2 prism diopter (pD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how stimulating foot sole mechanoreceptors affects VH.
  • To introduce a novel, rapid method for assessing minimum VH.
  • To explore the interrelation between the foot and gaze systems in postural control.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed VH using the Maddox rod test with a new circular box device for precise measurement.
  • Evaluated VH in 95 adults in an upright posture under various plantar stimulations (pins, foam).
  • Measured minimum VH, particularly for values less than 1/2 pD.

Main Results:

  • Nearly half of subjects had minimum heterophoria (VH < 1 pD), with 96% having VH ≤ 1/2 pD.
  • Plantar stimulation (pins or foam) altered VH, shifting orthophoric subjects to heterophoric and vice versa.
  • The new device facilitated rapid assessment of even the smallest heterophorias.

Conclusions:

  • Plantar mechanoreceptor stimulation significantly influences VH, highlighting the foot-gaze interaction in posture.
  • The novel device offers a fast and easy method for assessing subtle VH and the impact of postural interventions.
  • Clinicians may benefit from this device for evaluating postural changes, though further validation is needed.