Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview

There are various methods for the preparation of carboxylic acids. For example, oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes using strong oxidizing agents results in a carboxylic acid. Aldehydes can also be oxidized in the presence of mild oxidizing agents.

Bioremediation

Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.

Fates of Pyruvate

Fates of Pyruvate

Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...

Amino Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Catabolism

Microorganisms rely on proteins as an essential carbon and energy source, particularly in environments with limited polysaccharides or lipids. However, proteins are too large to cross the plasma membrane unaided, necessitating enzymatic degradation. Microbes secrete extracellular proteases and peptidases that hydrolyze proteins into peptides, which can then be transported across the membrane. Once inside the cell, intracellular proteases degrade these peptides into free amino acids, which...

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview

The Fischer esterification reaction was developed by the German chemist Emil Fischer in 1895. It is a condensation reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols in an acidic medium to give esters and water.

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Effect of premixed and sequential intrathecal fentanyl on spinal block characteristics.

Bioinformation·2026

Same author

In vivo exposure to CXCL12-high CAFs and chronic CXCL12 stimulation in vitro is sufficient to enhance metastasis of ER-positive breast cancer.

Breast cancer research and treatment·2026

Same author

National adoption of robotic-assisted surgery in the United Kingdom: a decade of growth, distribution and speciality trends (2014-2024).

Surgical endoscopy·2026

Same author

Development of a Dye-Binding Method for Nanoplastics Detection in Snow Samples Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection.

ACS omega·2026

Same author

Machine learning-based integration of antiphospholipid antibodies for predicting pregnancy outcomes in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion: a multicenter prospective study.

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine·2026

Same author

A One Health Perspective on the Plasmid Backbone Preference and Evolutionary Adaptation of <i>tmexCD-toprJ</i> in <i>Klebsiella spp</i>.

Infection and drug resistance·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Scalable Step-by-Step Approach of Sustainable Bioplastic Production from Food Waste

Scalable Step-by-Step Approach of Sustainable Bioplastic Production from Food Waste

Published on: July 18, 2025

Carboxylic Acid Production from Organic Waste: Integrating Substrate Composition, Reactor Configuration, Inoculum,

Ajay Thapa¹, Shiyu Fu¹, Joseph Sebastian¹

¹Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.

Biotech (Basel (Switzerland))

|February 20, 2026

Summary

Acidogenic fermentation efficiently converts organic waste into valuable carboxylic acids (CA). Optimizing substrate, inoculum, and reactor design, particularly using carbohydrate-rich materials and advanced bioreactors, enhances CA production for industrial applications.

Keywords:

acidogenic fermentation carboxylic acids inoculum reactor configuration strategies substrate

More Related Videos

Continuously-stirred Anaerobic Digester to Convert Organic Wastes into Biogas: System Setup and Basic Operation

Continuously-stirred Anaerobic Digester to Convert Organic Wastes into Biogas: System Setup and Basic Operation

Published on: July 13, 2012

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Hollow-Fiber Membranes for Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Hollow-Fiber Membranes for Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids

Published on: August 9, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Scalable Step-by-Step Approach of Sustainable Bioplastic Production from Food Waste

Scalable Step-by-Step Approach of Sustainable Bioplastic Production from Food Waste

Published on: July 18, 2025

Continuously-stirred Anaerobic Digester to Convert Organic Wastes into Biogas: System Setup and Basic Operation

Continuously-stirred Anaerobic Digester to Convert Organic Wastes into Biogas: System Setup and Basic Operation

Published on: July 13, 2012

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Hollow-Fiber Membranes for Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Hollow-Fiber Membranes for Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids

Published on: August 9, 2024

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Biochemical Engineering
Environmental Science

Background:

Acidogenic fermentation converts organic waste into carboxylic acids (CA), valuable industrial chemicals.
Current limitations include poor substrate hydrolysis and low CA yields, hindering commercialization.
This review synthesizes current knowledge on acidogenic fermentation for CA production.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of acidogenic fermentation for CA production.
To identify key factors influencing CA yield, including substrate, inoculum, and reactor design.
To discuss strategies for overcoming limitations and enhancing CA production.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on acidogenic fermentation for CA production.
Analysis of substrate composition (carbohydrate, protein, lipid) effects on CA yield.
Evaluation of different reactor configurations (e.g., leachate bed reactor, anaerobic membrane bioreactor) and inocula (aerobic, anaerobic, enriched, rumen microorganisms).

Main Results:

Carbohydrate-rich substrates significantly enhance CA production compared to protein- or lipid-rich substrates.
Leachate bed reactors and anaerobic membrane bioreactors show superior performance in CA production.
Rumen microorganisms excel at complex substrate degradation, while enriched inocula accelerate fermentation.

Conclusions:

Substrate composition, inoculum type, and reactor design are critical for optimizing CA production.
Advanced bioreactors and specific microbial communities offer promising avenues for enhanced acidogenic fermentation.
Further research and development are needed to scale up this biotechnology for commercial implementation.